lib: implement new query parser

mu's query parser is the piece of software that turns your queries
into something the Xapian database can understand. So, if you query
"maildir:/inbox and subject:bla" this must be translated into a
Xapian::Query object which will retrieve the sought after messages.

Since mu's beginning, almost a decade ago, this parser was based on
Xapian's default Xapian::QueryParser. It works okay, but wasn't really
designed for the mu use-case, and had a bit of trouble with anything
that's not A..Z (think: spaces, special characters, unicode etc.).

Over the years, mu added quite a bit of pre-processing trickery to
deal with that. Still, there were corner cases and bugs that were
practically unfixable.

The solution to all of this is to have a custom query processor that
replaces Xapian's, and write it from the ground up to deal with the
special characters etc. I wrote one, as part of my "future, post-1.0
mu" reseach project, and I have now backported it to the mu 0.9.19.

From a technical perspective, this is a major cleanup, and allows us
to get rid of much of the fragile preprocessing both for indexing and
querying. From and end-user perspective this (hopefully) means that
many of the little parsing issues are gone, and it opens the way for
some new features.

From an end-user perspective:
- better support for special characters.
- regexp search! yes, you can now search for regular expressions, e.g.
      subject:/h.ll?o/
  will find subjects with hallo, hello, halo,  philosophy, ...

  As you can imagine, this can be a _heavy_ operation on the database,
  and might take quite a bit longer than a normal query; but it can be
  quite useful.

lib/parser/utils.hh

@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+/*
+**  Copyright (C) 2017 Dirk-Jan C. Binnema <djcb@djcbsoftware.nl>
+**
+**  This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+**  modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
+**  as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1
+**  of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+**
+**  This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+**  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+**  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+**  Lesser General Public License for more details.
+**
+**  You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+**  License along with this library; if not, write to the Free
+**  Software Foundation, 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA
+**  02110-1301, USA.
+*/
+
+#include <string>
+
+#ifndef __UTILS_HH__
+#define __UTILS_HH__
+
+namespace Mux {
+
+/**
+ * Flatten a string -- downcase and fold diacritics etc.
+ *
+ * @param str a string
+ *
+ * @return a flattened string
+ */
+std::string utf8_flatten (const std::string& str);
+
+/**
+ * Quote & escape a string
+ *
+ * @param str a string
+ *
+ * @return quoted string
+ */
+std::string quote (const std::string& str);
+
+/**
+ * Format a string, printf style
+ *
+ * @param frm format string
+ * @param ... parameters
+ *
+ * @return a formatted string
+ */
+std::string format (const char *frm, ...)
+	__attribute__((format(printf, 1, 2)));
+
+/**
+ * Convert an ISO date to the corresponding time expressed as a string
+ * with a 10-digit time_t
+ *
+ * @param date
+ * @param first
+ *
+ * @return
+ */
+std::string date_to_time_t_string (const std::string& date, bool first);
+
+/**
+ * time_t expressed as a string with a 10-digit time_t
+ *
+ * @param t
+ *
+ * @return
+ */
+std::string date_to_time_t_string (time_t t);
+
+
+
+/**
+ * Convert a size string to a size in bytes
+ *
+ * @param sizestr the size string
+ * @param first
+ *
+ * @return the size expressed as a string with the decimal number of bytes
+ */
+std::string size_to_string (const std::string& sizestr, bool first);
+
+/**
+ * Convert a size into a size in bytes string
+ *
+ * @param size the size
+ * @param first
+ *
+ * @return the size expressed as a string with the decimal number of bytes
+ */
+std::string size_to_string (int64_t size);
+
+} // namespace Mux
+
+#endif /* __UTILS_HH__ */